Difference between revisions of "Lizard Blood Values"

Latest revision as of 19:29, 26 June 2012

Introduction

Baseline haematology and biochemistry values of 'normals' must be established per patient and per laboratory. It is very useful to establish normals for individual patients at the time of regular health checks before an animal is presented in ill health. Values may vary depending on season, breeding condition and diet. The following values have been taken from various sources and reflect the laboratory methods as well as the individual species. Caution is advised when using these values for the interpretation of your own patients' blood results.

Normal haematology & plasma biochemistry values in the green iguana (Iguana iguana)

Ten wild caught iguanas were blood sampled as part of a health assessment prior to introduction to an existing group. The iguanas were manually restrained by holding the forelimbs laterally against their chest and the hindlimbs against the tail. Blood was collected from the ventral tail vein and placed in lithium heparin. A fresh blood smear was made at the time of collection. Urea, creatinine and LDH were considered poor diagnostic parameters.


Haematology	Values	Biochemistry	Values
Total RBC count (x 10^12/l)	1.0-1.9	Total protein (g/l)	50-78
PCV (l/l)	0.25-0.38	Albumin (g/l)	21-28
Hb (g/dl)	6.0-10.0	Globulin (g/l)	25-43
MCV (fl)	165-305	Uric acid (mmol/l)	70-140
MCH (pg)	48-78	ALP (iu/l)	50-290
MCHC (g/dl)	20-38	ALT (iu/l)	5-68
Total WBC count (x 10^9/l)	3-10	AST (iu/l)	5-52
Heterophils (x 10^9/l)	0.35-5.2	GGT (iu/l)	0-3
Azurophils (x 10^9/l)	0.0-1.7	Cholesterol (mmol/l)	2.7-8.6
Lymphocytes (x 10^9/l)	0.5-5.5	Triglycerides (mmol/l)	0.6-7.8
Eosinophils (x 10^9/l)	0.0-0.3	Glucose (mmol/l)	9.4-16.0
Monocytes (x 10^9/l)	0.0-0.1	Calcium (mmol/l)	2.2-3.5
Basophils (x 10^9/l)	0.0-0.5	Phosphorus (mmol/l)	1.5-3.0

References

Divers, S. (1996). Normal haematology & plasma biochemistry values in the green iguana. British Veterinary Zoological Society, Summer newsletter 1996:5-6.

Haematology and biochemistry of selected lizards (American units)


	Prehensile-tailed skink (Corucia sp.)	Green iguana (Iguana iguana)	Iguanid lizard (Dipsosaurus dorsalis)
Haematology
PCV (%)	35 (24-60)	45-52
RBC(10^12/l)	1.5 (0.8-1.4)	3.5-5.8
Hb (g/dl)	9.6 (7.4-11.6)	7.1
MCV (fl)	263 (152-600)	78-149
MCH (pg)	69 (42-111)	12-20
MCHC (g/dl)	28 (17-56)	14-16
WBC (x 10^9/l)	12.4 (3.9-22.4)	9 (4.3-15.0)
Heterophils (%)	37 (16-58)	5-55
Azurophils (%)	22 (8-42)
Lymphocytes (%)	22 (2-40)	35-55
Eosinophils (%)	4(0-18)	2
Monocytes (%)	0.6 (0-6)	<4
Basophils (%)	15 (4-26)	rare

Biochemistry
ALT (iu/l)		35-90	13 (3-38)
AP (iu/l)		30-95	14 (4-30)
AST (iu/l)	19 (<4-76)	20-65	179 (34-400)
Bilirubin total (mg/dl)		0.4-1.0	0.2 (0.1-0.5)
BUN (mg/dl)		6-15	2 (1-5)
Calcium (mg/dl)	13 (11-21)	9-13	11 (8-30)
Chloride (mEq/l)	124 (123-129)	102-125	120 (12-155)
Cholesterol (mg/dl)	144 (11-252)	210 (110-250)	243 (100-399)
Creatine kinase (iu/l)	210 (27-940)	90-300	4500 (700-14.240)
Creatinine (mg/dl)		0.1-0.7	0.5 (0.2-1.8)
GGT (iu/l)
Glucose (mg/dl)	100 (70-122)	197-280	355 (255-575)
LDH (iu/l)		150-400	789 (145-2915)
Magnesium (mEq/l)		0.9
Phosphorus (mg/dl)	3.7 (2.8-6.7)	3.5-6.0	5.5 (2.8-10.0)
Potassium (mEq/l)	3.6 (1.4-5.0)	3.6-5.2	2.6 (0.4-7.0)
Protein total (g/dl)	6.5 (5-8)	2.8-5.0	3.8 (2.4-5.4)
Albumin (g/dl)		1.0-1.6	2.3 (1.6-3.0)
Globulin (g/l)			1.5 (0.8-2.4)
a:g ratio			1.7 (1.0-2.3)
Sodium (mEq/l)	158 (145-167)	140-158	164 (137-245)
Thyroxine (ìg/dl)		1.5-4.6
Uric acid (mg/dl)	1.6 (<0.3-3.1)	2.8-6.0	5.6 (2.4-13.3)

References

Wright, K.M. & Skeba, S. (1992). Hematology and plasma chemistries of captive prehensile-tailed skinks (Corucia zebrata). Journal of Zoo and Wildlife Medicine 23:429-432.=
Carpenter, J.W., Mashima, T.Y. & Rupiper, D.J. (1996). Exotic Animal Formulary. Greystone Publications, Kansas. Pp. 74-76.
Kopplin, R.P., Tarr, R.S. & Iverson, C.N.M. (1983). Serum profile of the iguanid lizard (Dipsosaurus dorsalis). Journal of Zoo and Wildlife Medicine 14:30-32.

Haematology and biochemistry of chameleons

38 samples from 35 individuals – 8 institutions
ISIS values
International units


Haematology	Values	Biochemistry	Values
RBC (x10^12)	0.84-1.93	Total protein (g/l)	42 - 76
WBC (x10^9)	7.68-19.99	Albumin (g/l)	13 - 33
PCV (l/l)	0.19-0.40	Urea (mmol/l)	1.1-5.3
Haemaglobin (g/l)	3.6-11.6	ALK (iu/l)	10-207
MCV (fl)	145 - 353	Cholesterol (mmol/l)	3.09-6.53
MCH (pg)	42.4 - 88.2	Uric acid (umol/l)	180 - 325
MCHC (g/dl)	271-342	Calcium (mmol/l)	2.48-3.43
Heterophils (x 10^9)	2.0-7.23	AST (iu/l)	15 - 247
Eosinophils (x 10^9)	0.12-1.67	GOT (iu/l)	0-1
Lymphocytes (x 10^9)	0.92-8.34	LDH (iu/l)	42-392
Monocytes (x 10^9)	0.12 0.57	Sodium (mmol/l)	136 - 169
Basophils (x 10^9)	0.00-26.3	Potassium (mmol/l)	3.1-5.1
Azurophils (x 10^9)	0.40-3.23	Chloride (mmol/l)	114 - 130
Thrombocytes		Phosphorus (mmol/l)	1.35-2.91

Bosc monitor blood values

Anecdotal information - International units


CBC	Values	Biochemistry	Values	Electrolytes	Values
PCV	20-35%	uric acid	90-300	sodium	145-190
WBC	3-10	Ca	2.1-3.2	K	3.2-4.3
		PO	1.1-2.5	Cl	142-155
		AST	20-140
		TP	55-85
		Glu	3.5-9.6
		Amylase	150-700
		Chol	2.5-7.5
		Trig	1.0-4.5

Haematology and biochemistry of the inland bearded dragon (Pogona vitticeps)

Haematology for 21 inland bearded dragons.


	Unit	Mean	SD	Range
WBC	10^3/ul	12.053	4.084	6.736-19.946
Heterophils	%	27	8	17-43
	10^3/ul	3.325	1.634	1.619-7.339
Lymphocytes	%	59	7	47-69
	10^3/ul	7.053	2.410	4.012-12.033
Monocytes	%	1	1	0-4
	10^3/ul	0.105	0.163	0-0.499
Basophils	%	9	4	2-18
	10^3/ul	1.125	0.729	0.205-3.191
Azurophils	%	4	2	0-9
	10^3/ul	0.414	0.288	0-1.085
Hematocrit	%	27	7	17-50
Total solids	g/dl	6.6	1.2	4.5-9.5
	g/l	66	12	45-95

Plasma chemistry values of inland bearded dragons (Pogona vitticeps).

Sample size for the WBC and differential, TS, PCV glucose, uric acid, calcium, and phosphorus was 21; for cholesterol, sodium, chloride, potassium, BUN, ALT and AST, sample size was 20.
All values of ALT were < 3 iu/L, with the exception of one value of 5. NA = not applicable.


	Unit	Mean	SD	Range
Glucose	mmol/I	11.7	2.2	7.72-16.2
	mg/dl	210	40	139-291
BUN	mmol/l	0.7	0.2	<0.7-1.4
	mg/dl	1	0.4	<1-2
Uric acid	mmol/l	310	150	95-678
	mg/dl	5.2	2.6	1.6-11.4
Calcium	mmol/l	2.95	0.95	2.2-6.8
	mg/dl	11.8	3.8	8.6-27.2
Phosphorus	mmol/l	1.9	0.61	1.1-3.2
	mg/dl	5.9	1.9	3.5-9.8
Cholesterol	mmol/l	17.4	5.92	8.07-31.7
	mg/dl	671	229	312-1224
ALT	iu/l	< 3	NA	< 3-5
AST	iu/l	13	9	4-40
Sodium	mmol/l or mEq/l	153	15	141-190
Chloride	mmol/l or mEq/l	123	13	80-140
Potassium	mmol/l or mEq/l	3.6	1.7	1.0-6.5
Calcium:Phosphorus		2.2	0.8	0.9-3.8

References

Eliman, M.M. (1997). Hematology and plasma chemistry of the inland bearded dragon, Pogona vitticeps. In Bulletin of the Association of Reptilian and Amphibian Veterinarians 7(4).=

Prehensile-tailed skink (Corucia zebrata)

ISIS values, International units

Haematology


	WBC	RBC count	Hb	PCV	MCV	MCH	MCHC
Mean +/- s.d.	13.68 - 6.333	1.50 - 0.26	89 - 19	0.333 - 0.073	249.0 - 104.0	70.1 - 18.7	279 - 71
No. of samples (individuals)	37 - 33	26 - 24	27 - 24	38 - 35	26 - 24	17 - 15	25 - 23
Range: min - max	3.930 - 31.60	0.84 - 1.93	36 - 116	0.190 - 0.600	152.0 - 600.0	42.4 - 110.7

Differential


	Heterophils	Lymphocytes	Monocytes	Eosinophils	Basophils	Azurophils
Mean +/- s.d.	4.711 - 2.053	4.792 - 3.817	0.307 - 0.246	0.878 - 0.877	1.720 - 1.919	1.861 - 0.831
No. of samples (individuals)	37 - 33	37 - 33	13 - 13	22 - 20	34 - 31	13 - 13
Range: min - max	1.010 - 12.00	0.332 - 16.50	0.079 - 0.948	0.125 - 3.160	0.104	0.400 - 3.232

Chemistry


	Calcium	Phosphorus	Sodium	Potassium	Chloride
Mean +/- s.d.	3.03 - 0.4	1.23 - 0.32	161 - 8	4.1 - 1.0	124 - 6
No. of samples (individuals)	35 - 32	31 - 29	35 - 31	35 - 31	25 - 23
Range: min - max	2.48 - 4.15	0.78 - 2.13	138 - 178	2.6 - 7.3	114 - 140


	HCO3	BUN	Creatinine	Uric Acid	Glucose
Mean +/- s.d.	22.3 - 7.2	.0000 - .0000	27 - 18	0.124 - 0.071	6.215 - 1.485
No. of samples (individuals)	4 - 2	10 - 8	19 - 17	34 - 31	35 - 31
Range: min - max	13.1 - 30.7	.0000 - .3570	0 - 62	0.018 - 0.325	3.850 - 10.95


	Cholesterol	Triglycerides	CK	LDH	ALP	ALT
Mean +/- s.d.	3.094 - 1.534	.9020 - .9020	226 - 212	149 - 122	126 - 32	7 - 3
No. of samples (individuals)	36 - 32	12 - 10	25 - 21	9 - 9	14 - 14	15 - 14
Range: min - max	.7800 - 6.552	.3080 - 3.509	27 - 940	42 - 392	90 - 207	2 - 12


	AST	GGT	Tot Bilirubin
Mean +/- s.d.	18 - 18	0 - 0	2 -2
No. of samples (individuals)	30 - 27	8 - 8	18 - 16
Range: min - max	2 - 76	0 - 1	0 - 7

Electrophoresis


	Osmolarity	Globulin	Albumin	Total protein
Mean +/- s.d.	360 - 17	35 - 9	22 - 5	60 - 10
No. of samples (individuals)	4 - 2	14 -14	14 - 14	19 - 17
Range: min - max	335 - 373	19 - 54	13 - 33	42 - 76

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Difference between revisions of "Lizard Blood Values"

Latest revision as of 19:29, 26 June 2012

Contents

Introduction

Normal haematology & plasma biochemistry values in the green iguana (Iguana iguana)

Haematology and biochemistry of selected lizards (American units)

Haematology and biochemistry of chameleons

Bosc monitor blood values

Haematology and biochemistry of the inland bearded dragon (Pogona vitticeps)

Prehensile-tailed skink (Corucia zebrata)

Haematology

Differential

Chemistry

Electrophoresis

Navigation menu

Search

@@ Line 1: / Line 1: @@
- {{review}}
+{{OpenPagesTop}}
+==Introduction==
 Baseline [[Lizard and Snake Haemotology|haematology]] and [[Lizard and Snake Biochemistry|biochemistry]] values of 'normals' must be established per patient and per laboratory. It is very useful to establish normals for individual patients at the time of regular health checks before an animal is presented in ill health. Values may vary depending on season, breeding condition and diet. The following values have been taken from various sources and reflect the laboratory methods as well as the individual species. Caution is advised when using these values for the interpretation of your own patients' blood results.
@@ Line 5: / Line 6: @@
 ==Normal haematology & plasma biochemistry values in the [[Green Iguana|green iguana]] (''Iguana iguana'')==
-Ten wild caught iguanas were blood sampled as part of a health assessment prior to introduction to an existing group. The iguanas were manually restrained by holding the forelimbs laterally against their chest and the hindlimbs against the tail. Blood was [[Lizard Blood Collection|collected]] from the ventral tail vein and placed in lithium heparin. A fresh blood smear was made at the time of collection. Urea, [[Creatinine in lizards|creatinine]] and [[Lactate dehydrogenase|LDH]] were considered poor diagnostic parameters.
+Ten wild caught iguanas were blood sampled as part of a health assessment prior to introduction to an existing group. The iguanas were manually restrained by holding the forelimbs laterally against their chest and the hindlimbs against the tail. Blood was [[Lizard Blood Collection|collected]] from the ventral tail vein and placed in lithium heparin. A fresh blood smear was made at the time of collection. Urea, [[Creatinine in lizards|creatinine]] and [[Lactate dehydrogenase - Reptiles|LDH]] were considered poor diagnostic parameters.
@@ Line 97: / Line 98: @@
 |}
-===References===
+References
 *Divers, S. (1996). Normal haematology & plasma biochemistry values in the green iguana. British Veterinary Zoological Society, Summer newsletter 1996:5-6.
 ==Haematology and biochemistry of selected lizards (American units)==
@@ Line 309: / Line 310: @@
-==References==
+References
 *Wright, K.M. & Skeba, S. (1992). Hematology and plasma chemistries of captive prehensile-tailed skinks (Corucia zebrata). Journal of Zoo and Wildlife Medicine 23:429-432.=
 *Carpenter, J.W., Mashima, T.Y. & Rupiper, D.J. (1996). Exotic Animal Formulary. Greystone Publications, Kansas. Pp. 74-76.
 *Kopplin, R.P., Tarr, R.S. & Iverson, C.N.M. (1983). Serum profile of the iguanid lizard (Dipsosaurus dorsalis). Journal of Zoo and Wildlife Medicine 14:30-32.
 ==Haematology and biochemistry of [[Chameleon|chameleons]]==
@@ Line 413: / Line 415: @@
 |bgcolor="#CCCCFF"| 1.35-2.91
 |}
 ==Bosc [[Monitor|monitor]] blood values==
@@ Line 432: / Line 435: @@
 |bgcolor="#FFFFCC"| 20-35%
 |bgcolor="#FFCC99"|
-|bgcolor="#FFFFCC"| [[Uric acid|uric]]
+|bgcolor="#FFFFCC"| uric acid
 |bgcolor="#FFFFCC"| 90-300
 |bgcolor="#FFCC99"|
-|bgcolor="#FFFFCC"| [[Sodium|sodium]]
+|bgcolor="#FFFFCC"| sodium
 |bgcolor="#FFFFCC"| 145-190
 |-
@@ Line 441: / Line 444: @@
 |bgcolor="#FFFFCC"| 3-10
 |bgcolor="#FFCC99"|
-|bgcolor="#FFFFCC"| [[Calcium|Ca]]
+|bgcolor="#FFFFCC"| Ca
 |bgcolor="#FFFFCC"| 2.1-3.2
 |bgcolor="#FFCC99"|
-|bgcolor="#FFFFCC"| [[Potassium|K]]
+|bgcolor="#FFFFCC"| K
 |bgcolor="#FFFFCC"| 3.2-4.3
 |-
@@ Line 453: / Line 456: @@
 |bgcolor="#FFFFCC"| 1.1-2.5
 |bgcolor="#FFCC99"|
-|bgcolor="#FFFFCC"| [[Chloride|Cl]]
+|bgcolor="#FFFFCC"| Cl
 |bgcolor="#FFFFCC"| 142-155
 |-
@@ Line 477: / Line 480: @@
 |bgcolor="#FFFFCC"|
 |bgcolor="#FFCC99"|
-|bgcolor="#FFFFCC"| [[Glucose|Glu]]
+|bgcolor="#FFFFCC"| Glu
 |bgcolor="#FFFFCC"| 3.5-9.6
 |bgcolor="#FFCC99"|
@@ Line 511: / Line 514: @@
 |}
 ==Haematology and biochemistry of the inland [[Bearded Dragon|bearded dragon]] (''Pogona vitticeps'')==
@@ Line 530: / Line 533: @@
 |bgcolor="#FFFFCC"| 6.736-19.946
 |-
-|bgcolor="#FFFFCC"| [[Heterophils|Heterophils]]
+|bgcolor="#FFFFCC"| Heterophils
 |bgcolor="#FFFFCC"| %
 |bgcolor="#FFFFCC"| 27
@@ Line 542: / Line 545: @@
 |bgcolor="#FFFFCC"| 1.619-7.339
 |-
-|bgcolor="#FFFFCC"| [[Lymphocytes - Reptile|Lymphocytes]]
+|bgcolor="#FFFFCC"| Lymphocytes
 |bgcolor="#FFFFCC"| %
 |bgcolor="#FFFFCC"| 59
@@ Line 554: / Line 557: @@
 |bgcolor="#FFFFCC"| 4.012-12.033
 |-
-|bgcolor="#FFFFCC"| [[Monocytes - Reptile|Monocytes]]
+|bgcolor="#FFFFCC"| Monocytes
 |bgcolor="#FFFFCC"| %
 |bgcolor="#FFFFCC"| 1
@@ Line 566: / Line 569: @@
 |bgcolor="#FFFFCC"| 0-0.499
 |-
-|bgcolor="#FFFFCC"| [[Basophils - Reptile|Basophils]]
+|bgcolor="#FFFFCC"| Basophils
 |bgcolor="#FFFFCC"| %
 |bgcolor="#FFFFCC"| 9
@@ Line 579: / Line 582: @@
 |bgcolor="#FFFFCC"| 0.205-3.191
 |-
-|bgcolor="#FFFFCC"| [[Lizard_and_Snake_Cell_Identification#Azurophils|Azurophils]]
+|bgcolor="#FFFFCC"| Azurophils
 |bgcolor="#FFFFCC"| %
 |bgcolor="#FFFFCC"| 4
@@ Line 625: / Line 628: @@
 !bgcolor="#FFFF99"| Range
 |-
-|bgcolor="#FFFFCC"| [[Glucose|Glucose]]
+|bgcolor="#FFFFCC"| Glucose
 |bgcolor="#FFFFCC"| mmol/I
 |bgcolor="#FFFFCC"| 11.7
@@ Line 637: / Line 640: @@
 |bgcolor="#FFFFCC"| 139-291
 |-
-|bgcolor="#FFFFCC"| [[Blood urea nitrogen|BUN]]
+|bgcolor="#FFFFCC"| BUN
 |bgcolor="#FFFFCC"| mmol/l
 |bgcolor="#FFFFCC"| 0.7
@@ Line 649: / Line 652: @@
 |bgcolor="#FFFFCC"| <1-2
 |-
-|bgcolor="#FFFFCC"| [[Uric acid|Uric acid]]
+|bgcolor="#FFFFCC"| Uric acid
 |bgcolor="#FFFFCC"| mmol/l
 |bgcolor="#FFFFCC"| 310
@@ Line 661: / Line 664: @@
 |bgcolor="#FFFFCC"| 1.6-11.4
 |-
-|bgcolor="#FFFFCC"| [[Calcium|Calcium]]
+|bgcolor="#FFFFCC"| Calcium
 |bgcolor="#FFFFCC"| mmol/l
 |bgcolor="#FFFFCC"| 2.95
@@ Line 673: / Line 676: @@
 |bgcolor="#FFFFCC"| 8.6-27.2
 |-
-|bgcolor="#FFFFCC"| [[Phosphorus|Phosphorus]]
+|bgcolor="#FFFFCC"| Phosphorus
 |bgcolor="#FFFFCC"| mmol/l
 |bgcolor="#FFFFCC"| 1.9
@@ Line 697: / Line 700: @@
 |bgcolor="#FFFFCC"| 312-1224
 |-
-|bgcolor="#FFFFCC"| [[Alanine aminotransferase|ALT]]
+|bgcolor="#FFFFCC"| ALT
 |bgcolor="#FFFFCC"| iu/l
 |bgcolor="#FFFFCC"| < 3
@@ Line 709: / Line 712: @@
 |bgcolor="#FFFFCC"| 4-40
 |-
-|bgcolor="#FFFFCC"| [[Sodium|Sodium]]
+|bgcolor="#FFFFCC"| Sodium
 |bgcolor="#FFFFCC"| mmol/l or mEq/l
 |bgcolor="#FFFFCC"| 153
@@ Line 715: / Line 718: @@
 |bgcolor="#FFFFCC"| 141-190
 |-
-|bgcolor="#FFFFCC"| [[Chloride|Chloride]]
+|bgcolor="#FFFFCC"| Chloride
 |bgcolor="#FFFFCC"| mmol/l or mEq/l
 |bgcolor="#FFFFCC"| 123
@@ Line 721: / Line 724: @@
 |bgcolor="#FFFFCC"| 80-140
 |-
-|bgcolor="#FFFFCC"| [[Potassium|Potassium]]
+|bgcolor="#FFFFCC"| Potassium
 |bgcolor="#FFFFCC"| mmol/l or mEq/l
 |bgcolor="#FFFFCC"| 3.6
@@ Line 734: / Line 737: @@
 |}
-===References==
+References
 * Eliman, M.M. (1997). Hematology and plasma chemistry of the inland bearded dragon, ''Pogona vitticeps''. In Bulletin of the Association of Reptilian and Amphibian Veterinarians 7(4).=
@@ Line 783: / Line 789: @@
 ===Differential===
@@ Line 788: / Line 796: @@
 |+
 !bgcolor="#9999FF"|
-!bgcolor="#9999FF"| [[Heterophils|Heterophils]]
+!bgcolor="#9999FF"| Heterophils
-!bgcolor="#9999FF"| [[Lymphocytes - Reptile|Lymphocytes]]
+!bgcolor="#9999FF"| Lymphocytes
-!bgcolor="#9999FF"| [[Monocytes - Reptile|Monocytes]]
+!bgcolor="#9999FF"| Monocytes
-!bgcolor="#9999FF"| [[Eosinophils - Reptile|Eosinophils]]
+!bgcolor="#9999FF"| Eosinophils
-!bgcolor="#9999FF"| [[Basophils - Reptile|Basophils]]
+!bgcolor="#9999FF"| Basophils
-!bgcolor="#9999FF"| [[Lizard_and_Snake_Cell_Identification#Azurophils|Azurophils]]
+!bgcolor="#9999FF"| Azurophils
-!bgcolor="#9999FF"| [[Thrombocytes - Reptile|Thrombocytes]]
+!bgcolor="#9999FF"| Thrombocytes
 |-
 !bgcolor="#9999FF"| Mean +/- s.d.
@@ Line 830: / Line 838: @@
 |+
 !bgcolor="#FFCC99"|
-!bgcolor="#FFCC99"| [[Calcium|Calcium]]
+!bgcolor="#FFCC99"| Calcium
-!bgcolor="#FFCC99"| [[Phosphorus|Phosphorus]]
+!bgcolor="#FFCC99"| Phosphorus
-!bgcolor="#FFCC99"| [[Sodium|Sodium]]
+!bgcolor="#FFCC99"| Sodium
-!bgcolor="#FFCC99"| [[Potassium|Potassium]]
+!bgcolor="#FFCC99"| Potassium
-!bgcolor="#FFCC99"| [[Chloride|Chloride]]
+!bgcolor="#FFCC99"| Chloride
 !bgcolor="#FFCC99"| Iron
 |-
@@ Line 868: / Line 876: @@
 !bgcolor="#FFFF99"| Magnesium
 !bgcolor="#FFFF99"| HCO3
-!bgcolor="#FFFF99"| [[Blood urea nitrogen|BUN]]
+!bgcolor="#FFFF99"| BUN
-!bgcolor="#FFFF99"| [[Creatinine in lizards|Creatinine]]
+!bgcolor="#FFFF99"| Creatinine
-!bgcolor="#FFFF99"| [[Uric acid|Uric Acid]]
+!bgcolor="#FFFF99"| Uric Acid
-!bgcolor="#FFFF99"| [[Glucose|Glucose]]
+!bgcolor="#FFFF99"| Glucose
 |-
 !bgcolor="#FFFF99"| Mean +/- s.d.
@@ Line 904: / Line 912: @@
 !bgcolor="#66FF99"| Cholesterol
 !bgcolor="#66FF99"| Triglycerides
-!bgcolor="#66FF99"| [[Creatine kinase|CK]]
+!bgcolor="#66FF99"| CK
-!bgcolor="#66FF99"| [[Lactate dehydrogenase|LDH]]
+!bgcolor="#66FF99"| LDH
 !bgcolor="#66FF99"| ALP
-!bgcolor="#66FF99"| [[Alanine aminotransferase|ALT]]
+!bgcolor="#66FF99"| ALT
 |-
 !bgcolor="#66FF99"| Mean +/- s.d.
@@ Line 941: / Line 949: @@
 !bgcolor="#9999FF"| AST
 !bgcolor="#9999FF"| GGT
-!bgcolor="#9999FF"| Tot [[Bilirubin in lizards|Bilirubin]]
+!bgcolor="#9999FF"| Tot Bilirubin
-!bgcolor="#9999FF"| D [[Bilirubin in lizards|Bilirubin]]
+!bgcolor="#9999FF"| D Bilirubin
-!bgcolor="#9999FF"| Ind [[Bilirubin in lizards|Bilirubin]]
+!bgcolor="#9999FF"| Ind Bilirubin
 !bgcolor="#9999FF"| Fibrinogen
 |-
@@ Line 970: / Line 978: @@
 |bgcolor="#CCCCFF"|
 |}
 ===Electrophoresis===
@@ Line 978: / Line 987: @@
 !bgcolor="#FFCC99"| Osmolarity
 !bgcolor="#FFCC99"| Globulin
-!bgcolor="#FFCC99"| [[Albumin|Albumin]]
+!bgcolor="#FFCC99"| Albumin
-!bgcolor="#FFCC99"| [[Total protein|Total protein]]
+!bgcolor="#FFCC99"| Total protein
 |-
 !bgcolor="#FFCC99"| Mean +/- s.d.
@@ Line 999: / Line 1,008: @@
 |bgcolor="#FFFFCC"| 42 - 76
 |}
+{{review}}
+{{OpenPages}}
 [[Category:Lizard_Diagnostics|B]]
+[[Category:Haematology Reference Ranges]]
+[[Category:Biochemistry Reference Ranges]]